The ten most important brick buildings in China

Editorial archive · originally published January 2020

Ten notable brick and masonry works in China

This revised reference article preserves the original ten-part image set while correcting several translated names and separating verified project facts from the earlier editorial labels. It is a design review, not a ranking or a record of LOPO-supplied projects.

Verified factsNames, dates and designers are stated only where a reliable project, institution or public authority source was found.
Archive labelsUnconfirmed wording is explicitly marked as a label carried over from the January 2020 article.
Design observationsComments describe what is visible in the retained photographs; they are not performance or product claims.

1Brick House, Gaochun

Project identification supported by published project record

The earlier label “Nanjing Gaochun Poet Residence” corresponds to Brick House by Zhang Lei / AZL Architects in Gaochun, Jiangsu. The published record describes two single-family houses completed during 2006–2008, using locally made brick and three façade treatments: solid fields, projecting units and perforated interlocking areas.

The four retained views make the key lesson legible without turning it into a universal prescription: one ordinary module can produce enclosure, texture, filtered openings and shadow, but each condition still needs its own structural and weathering detail.

Brick walls and courtyard path at Brick House in Gaochun
Archive image 1-2: courtyard route and varied brick bonding. Click for the full 640 × 427 image.
Perforated brick entrance elevation at Brick House in Gaochun
Archive image 1-1: perforated entrance field and recessed doorway.
Brick wall pattern around a window at Brick House in Gaochun
Archive image 1-3: changes in relief frame a window opening.
Courtyard group of low brick houses in Gaochun
Archive image 1-4: the low building group and shared landscape.

2Fuping International Ceramic Art Museum, Shaanxi

Original 2020 attribution retained with a verification boundary

The January 2020 article named “Shaanxi Fuping International Ceramic Art Museum” and attributed it to Liu Kecheng. This review retains that archive label and all four images, but does not add a completion year, pavilion identity or structural claim because a sufficiently clear primary project record was not located.

The photographs show how repeated masonry courses can define vaults, circular openings and exhibition rooms. They do not by themselves establish the load path, reinforcement, fire strategy or the identity of every pavilion within the wider museum complex.

Brick-vaulted exhibition interior shown under the Fuping museum label
Archive image 2-1, retained under the original Fuping museum label.
Circular brick exhibition space shown under the Fuping museum label
Archive image 2-2: circular room and overhead opening.
Long ribbed brick vault shown under the Fuping museum label
Archive image 2-3: a long, ribbed vault over gallery displays.
Ceramic objects displayed in a brick-lined interior under the Fuping museum label
Archive image 2-4: ceramic objects within the brick-lined interior.

3Red Brick Art Museum, Beijing

Corrected identification; official public source

The old translated label “Beijing Qingshui Guild Hall” does not match the retained image set. The entrance and interiors correspond to Beijing’s Red Brick Art Museum, designed by Dong Yugan and opened in 2014. The architecture uses brick across walls, floors, vaults, openings and landscape elements.

For designers, the useful reference is the continuity of the module across different spatial conditions. That visual continuity should not be read as proof that every element uses the same structural or moisture-control detail.

Entrance to the Red Brick Art Museum in Beijing
Archive image 3-1: museum entrance.
Circular brick interior at the Red Brick Art Museum
Archive image 3-2: patterned brick floor and circular interior.
Vertical brick opening at the Red Brick Art Museum
Archive image 3-3: brickwork shaping a tall opening.
Daylight passing through brick screens at the Red Brick Art Museum
Archive image 3-4: daylight through narrow brick screens.

4Shanghai Xintiandi

Place and redevelopment character verified

The original “Xintiandi Series” label is retained more precisely as Shanghai Xintiandi. Its official project page describes a city-core redevelopment integrating early twentieth-century Shikumen architecture with contemporary uses. The two archive views therefore belong in a discussion of conservation, reconstruction and adaptive urban reuse—not as evidence of one new-build brick system.

The design question here is how masonry scale, alleys, gateways and mixed-age fabric can remain legible while uses change. The images alone do not document which walls are original, rebuilt or newly interpreted.

Shikumen-style lane and brick buildings at Shanghai Xintiandi
Archive image 4-1: lane, gateway and reused urban fabric.
Brick-lined pedestrian space at Shanghai Xintiandi
Archive image 4-2: a pedestrian passage between masonry façades.

5Ningbo Museum

Designer and opening date verified by the museum

The old article incorrectly rendered the designer as “Wang Ye.” Ningbo Museum’s official profile identifies Wang Shu as the architect and states that the museum opened on 5 December 2008. It also describes exterior walls incorporating old tiles alongside cement-formed elements.

The retained image shows a layered, irregular masonry surface at building scale. It is a strong material-memory reference, but it should not be reduced to a generic claim about “green brick” or copied without studying the original construction documentation.

Layered masonry exterior of Ningbo Museum
Archive image 5-4: Ningbo Museum’s textured exterior surface.

6Shanghai Symphony Hall

Name, design team and opening year verified

The former wording “Isaki New” was a mistranslation. The Shanghai municipal profile says Shanghai Symphony Hall opened in 2014 and was designed by architect Arata Isozaki with acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota.

The photograph is useful for reading solid and glazed volumes, warm-toned exterior planes and the hall’s civic approach. It cannot verify the earlier article’s specific “dry-hanging curtain wall brick” description, so that construction claim has been removed.

Exterior approach to Shanghai Symphony Hall
Archive image 6-2: public approach and contrasting façade volumes.

7Nanjing Student Center

Official architect record; material classification corrected

Preston Scott Cohen Inc’s project record identifies the Nanjing University building, credits Preston Scott Cohen Inc as design architect and Zhang Lei Studio as architect of record, and dates construction to 2008–2009. Crucially, that record describes poured-in-place concrete construction.

This entry is therefore retained as part of the historical ten-image editorial set, not presented as a verified brick building. Its value here is methodological: surface color or a distant photograph is not enough to classify a façade material.

Nanjing Student Center exterior
Archive image 7-4: Nanjing Student Center; official documentation identifies poured-in-place concrete construction.

8Pavilion 4, Shanghai Expo site

Published project identification

The older “Shanghai World Expo Hall 4” label aligns with Pavilion 4 by HMA Architects & Designers, published as a 2010 Shanghai project adapting a 1970s industrial factory into an exhibition center. This is best read as an adaptive-reuse and envelope-composition case, rather than a generic new masonry building.

The retained vertical view shows a sawtooth sequence of brick-toned façade planes. Current material specifications, supplier attribution and the exact new-versus-existing fabric must be checked against project records.

Sawtooth exterior planes at Pavilion 4 on the Shanghai Expo site
Archive image 8-2: repeated vertical façade planes. Full image retained at 600 × 824.

9Lanxi Curtilage, Chengdu

Project name, architect and year corrected

The original “Chengdu Lanxi Ting (Yuan Yuan)” wording has been normalized to Lanxi Curtilage. The published project record identifies Archi-Union Architects, Chengdu and 2011, and describes courtyard spaces enclosed by double masonry walls.

The archive photograph foregrounds composition at the courtyard scale: low grey-brick walls, repeated openings and a timber-framed center. It does not establish the project’s complete structural or environmental performance.

Courtyard and grey masonry walls at Lanxi Curtilage in Chengdu
Archive image 9-2: courtyard sequence at Lanxi Curtilage.

10The Great Wall

UNESCO historical boundary

The Great Wall is not one building or one uniform brick system. UNESCO’s record describes a defensive ensemble built and extended across many periods, with construction continuing through the Ming dynasty; it also distinguishes rammed-earth sections from the masonry of later periods.

Its inclusion is best treated as a historical counterpoint about repetition, repair and regional construction—not as the tenth contemporary project and not as evidence for a single material specification.

Masonry walkway and parapet along a section of the Great Wall
Archive image 10-1: one masonry section of the Great Wall; it does not represent every period or region.

What this editorial set is useful for

  • Module and pattern: bonding, relief, perforation and repetition can change how one masonry unit reads across a façade.
  • Space and light: brick can frame courtyards, vaults, deep openings and filtered daylight, but each condition requires a specific assembly.
  • Old and new fabric: Xintiandi and Pavilion 4 show why adaptive-reuse references must distinguish retained, rebuilt and newly added work.
  • Source discipline: photographs are design prompts, not proof of architect, supplier, construction system or performance.

Continue from reference to specification

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